Stomach Stapling: Surgical Treatment For Obesity Essay -- Research Med

Stomach Stapling Surgical Treatment For ObesityIn todays rescript there is an increasing number of obese people despite the growing concerns about leading a healthy lifestyle. There be numerous programs, diets, medications, etcetera that have been developed to aid weight loss efforts and weight maintenance. One field that is being rapidly searchd is methods of surgical treatment for obesity. This paper will explore these surgical methods. In doing so it is important to also discuss the definition and measurement of obesity, programs that have been established and claim to aid weight loss efforts, candidates for this eccentric person of treatment, medical research that has been conducted and the risks involved in this type of treatment for obesity. The purpose of this paper is to correctly inform the reader about the claims of surgical treatment and the risks that are actually involved. Obesity Definition and Measurement The term obesity is quite difficult to define for the mere fact that humans are highly laissez-faire(a) and vary in weight and height. Therefore, a standardized definition of obesity is not inclusive. One definition of obesity is a clinical term for supererogatory body weight generally applied to persons who are 20% or more above a desired weight for height (Williams, 1992, p.221). Another itinerary to define obesity is simply as an excess accumulation of body fat (Perri, Nezu and Viegener, 1992, p.23) however, this definition seems to be simplistic because it does not explicitly determine what the constituent overweight should be in order to define a person as obese. Because there is no standard body weight, overweight is often mensurable by body mass index (BMI). Body mass index is calculated as follows BMI=weight(in k... ...H Consensus Statement 1991, March 25-27 9(1)1-20. Mason, E.E., Doherty, C., Maher, J.W., Scott, D.H., Rodriguez, E.M. and Blommers, T.J. (1987). Super obesity and gastric decrease procedures. Gastroenterology Cl inics of North America, 16, 495-502. Perri, Michael G., Nezu, A.M., and Viegener, B.J. (1992). Improving the Long Term Management of Obesity. New York Wiley. Wadden, T.A. and VanItallie, T.B. (1992). Treatment of the Seriously Obese Patient. New York Guilford Press. Williams, Sue R. (1992). Basic Nutrition and Diet Therapy. St. Louis Mosby-Year Book, Inc. http//www.commpro.com/ polished/obesity.html http//www.commpro.com/thin/surgery.html http//www.ivanhoe.com/docs/backissues/lapband.html http//www-surgery.med.ohio-state.edu/divisions/genr/obesity.htm http//text.nlm.nih...ww/84txt.

Gay Parenting Should Not Be Encouraged Essay -- Sociology Same Sex Mar

Gay Pargonnting Should Not Be EncouragedStatistics from the United States (ACLU Fact sheet, 1999) estimate the there are between 6 and 14 zillion children being raised in same(p) sex parent families. Whilst some significant advances have been made by the pro gay parenting movement, current law is for the most part geared against same sex marriage and adoption, this status quo should be maintained.Gay parents rights group argue that being raised by devil parents of the same sex provides a balanced and healthy approach to parenting. This is untrue, being raised by gay parents means that the family unit has an unbalanced ratio of male person and female role models in the home environment, you could reasonably expect that this imbalance would spread into the parents circle of friends and the people that the family socialise with on a regular basis. Children search for both a mother and a father and benefit from having both in the home. Ellis (2001) stated, Gender plays a large role ...we may not think these differences are politically correct but, by God, theyre developmentally correct.One argument that gay parents have is that children dont need two sex couple role models. Having two parents of the same sex deprives the children of the chance to see how males and females interact in a family situation. Even though gay parents argue the children are exposed to their fair share of tralatitious male and female relationships, these may be somewhat censored as the visiting child is not part of that family and most families tend to keep legitimate things within the family. Parents are very strong role models and children are known to mimic what they see.Men and women parent differently, each contribute different and positive ... ...y.proquest.comhttp//gateway.proquest.comSchiffen, L. (2004, 29 Feb). How the judges forced the Presidents hand. New York Times. Retrieved Jul 30, 2004 from http//gateway.proquest.comThrockmorton, W. (2004). Do gay parents influ ence the Sexual Preferences of Children?. Retrieved Jul 30, 2004 from http//www.narth.com/docs/influence.htmlUnknown. (1999, Apr 6). Overview of gay and lesbian parenting, adoption and foster care. Retrieved Jul 30, 2004 from http//archive.aclu.org/issues/gay/parent.htmlUnknown. (2004). Facts and figures about kids with gay parents. Retrieved Jul 30, 2004 from http//www.colage.org/ look/facts.html

Why I Volunteer Essay -- Contribution to My Community Service

You must be the change you wish to see in the world.- Mahatma GhandiI believe I deport been truly blessed to have the opportunity to grow up in Smallville, USA, in a home where my parents have instilled in me the principle that there is a service requirement beyond our immediate household. Realizing what has been provided for me by my parents, my church and my community, I want to use my college degree to serve my community. Not only have my parents modeled before me that we are to proffer our time and services as citizens to make our community a better place to live, still they have always encouraged me to generate involved in church and community activities. Therefore, church and community service, which I feel are inseparable for a thriving community where people desire to live and acclivity families, have become a way of life for me. I have been taught t... ...ontinue to locate and expand, I am committed to obtaining a quality college education to become an investment for my community. If I am selected as a recipient of this scholarship, your organization will not only be investing in my education but you will also be investing in my community for many years in the future as I live out my load to fulfill my obligation of giving back to a community that has helped mold and shape my life.

thelma and louise film review :: essays research papers

AGAINST MENS WORLDThe depiction starts with the scenes of daily lifes of two women. Thelma is married to a man who thinks that he is the burden of the world because he is a manager of a carpet. company. He sees his wife as a lower order of life, to be tolerated so long as she keeps her household duties straight. Just like a servant who doesnt have any rights or freedom. Louise waits tables in a coffee shop and her boyfriend is a musician who is never going to be ready to settle down. They live under high patriarchal domination.They see themselves very ordinary and want to go fishing alone. But that means that they are crossing the lines of their sexual divisions in the community. Thelma cant even tell her husband that she is going on vacation. Because her role in her husbands eyes is the housewife. If she goes on a vacation with a friend she will be simply considered as a whore.The film continues with the bar scene. We saw the feminist After some drink thelma ends up with, as suc h flirtations sometimes tragically do, an attempted rape in the place lot. Louise kills the man with her gun and they start to run away because they think that cant expect fair treatment from the criminal justice system, since Thelma had been flirting and leaping with the guy all evening. They know that nearly everyone would say that what happened to her is her own fault.The hitchiker appears in the scene as a handsome man who stirs up thelmas libido for the offshoot time. She never had a happy sexual relationship with her husband and she has sexual intercourse only to fulfill her duty to please her husband.The policeman takes place who has an empathy with that women. He knows that they dig hole and bury themselves in it and he wants to prevent it.As things go worse the women have enormous changes, they are fightilng only with the law plainly also with the laws of the nature. They discover the strenght and their abilities to run their own lives, to take a stand against the mens world.

Essay --

The Irises Plant is a bush with hundreds of flowers on it. Currently the whole kit and boodle is dying because the Irise plant needs at least fractional a day of sun and well drained soil without both the plant will not bloom, thats why they ar somely deep-rooted in the summer. Usually this plant when bloomed attracts a wide variety of animals and insects such as Verba bud moths, white flies, iris weevil, Thirps, slugs, snail, aphids, and nematodes may also be hard to the iris plant. There are three inner petals called standards, and three outer petals called falls which make up the irises plant. There are three hundred species of this plant and they come in all different colors and sizes, and some colors they come in are pink, orange, yellow, blue, purple, white as well as multi-color. The most common irises is the bearded German iris. Even though The Extinction of Experience, Where have all the Animals Gone? are referring mostly to animals, plants and animals are both unconne cted of nature. Without plants some animals could not survive because they feed off of them. All of the stories are similar in a way because each one of the main characters are forcing themselves to face or confront something that is personally affecting them. For instance Ive always enjoyed my visits to our cities old public zoos. It was there harsh Juxtapositions, I think, the very singularity that make them so sad, so unconscionable to some, that made them so compelling to me. (Siebert 16). This quote expresses how the way they had these animals in cages was so unnatural because these different creatures would neer be by each other in a natural habitat peacefully it would be chaos. This was compelling to Siebert because he knew this would never happen outside of... ...an never replace. (Pyle 261). This quote to me is explaining how people find animals fascinating as far as the unfamiliar about animals lifes even though we can foresee whales and fish we will never get to expe rience their lives and things that they go through on a daily basis. We could never live in their habitat and that unknown about not only there lives but the lives and habitats of other animals keeps us imagining what it would be like. That is what keeps us as humans interested and fascinated with animals. The overall fantasy of these three stories are focusing on animals, nature and how if we continue to take animals out of there natural habitats it may continue to cause animals to be dead because they animals are not adapting. So if we do not face this problem head on we not only will face local experimental extinction but they have a chance to face global eradication.

Essay --

The Irises Plant is a bush with hundreds of flowers on it. Currently the plant is dying be ground the Irise plant needs at least half a day of sun and closely drained soil without both the plant will not bloom, thats why they ar mostly planted in the summer. Usually this plant when bloomed attracts a wide variety of animals and insects such as Verba bud moths, white flies, iris weevil, Thirps, slugs, snail, aphids, and nematodes may withal be troublesome to the iris plant. There be cardinal inner petals called standards, and three outer petals called falls which make up the irises plant. There are three hundred species of this plant and they come in all incompatible colors and sizes, and some colors they come in are pink, orange, yellow, blue, purple, white as well as multi-color. The most common irises is the bearded German iris. Even though The Extinction of Experience, Where have all the Animals G star? are referring mostly to animals, plants and animals are both apart of na ture. Without plants some animals could not survive because they feed off of them. All of the stories are similar in a way because each one of the main characters are forcing themselves to look or confront something that is personally affecting them. For instance Ive always enjoyed my visits to our cities old public zoos. It was there harsh Juxtapositions, I think, the very characteristic that make them so sad, so unconscionable to some, that made them so compelling to me. (Siebert 16). This quote expresses how the way they had these animals in cages was so unnatural because these different creatures would never be by each other in a natural habitat peacefully it would be chaos. This was compelling to Siebert because he knew this would never drop dead outside of... ...an never replace. (Pyle 261). This quote to me is explaining how people find animals fascinating as far as the unknown about animals lifes even though we can see whales and fish we will never get to experience their lives and things that they go through on a daily basis. We could never live in their habitat and that unknown about not only there lives but the lives and habitats of other animals keeps us imagining what it would be like. That is what keeps us as humans interested and interest with animals. The overall concept of these three stories are focusing on animals, nature and how if we continue to take animals out of there natural habitats it may continue to cause animals to be extinct because they animals are not adapting. So if we do not face this problem head on we not only will face local extinction but they have a chance to face global eradication.

“Hip-Hop, The Renaissance” Essay

They say they never really miss you til you dead or you gone(p) So on that note Im leaving after the song. A wise MC by the name of Shawn Corey Carter told me this as his Black record record album gave me identical eclectic vibes I felt listening to the likes of Digable Planets, Big L, Big Daddy Kane, Big Pun, Common, Mos Def and others artists born of The Renaissance. I have numerate to in plaster cast you all of this renaissance known as hip-hop, a renaissance that get out never cease breathing until the last listeners root word is finished tapping to the rhythm and rhyme scheme of their favorite record. blame, a genre of stylized rhythmic music that is use to accompany a rhythmic form of speech that would go on to become rap. Many have tried unsuccessfully to pinpoint the location of the birth of this Renaissance by saying that this is a West-coast, Midwest, and even a down South born style of music. However, I prefer to take you back to the 1970s on 1520 Sedgwick Street in the Bronx, the position of Jamaican DJ Kool Herc who is arguably considered the father of hip hop, if not one of the many.See Kool Hercs style of deejaying at house parties was that he would recite rhymes everyplace what would in later time garner the title an instrumental. He would use a plethora of in house reference when dropping say rhymes on the microphone not knowing this would spawn a movement that would travel through the streets of Brooklyn and be spread by various other fellowship Djs as well such as Coke La Rock. Spoken- word and music by early founding fathers such as Gil Scott- Heron, Jalal Mansur, and The Last Poets (one of whom I know personally) helped this movement come into fruition because of the simple fact that their lyrics were based on post- civil rights era life in the urban community. Oh yes the movement was real.Not only because everyone could relate but because it came via a rhythmic delivery that captured the mind and imagination of the people of that time. In creating this movement, they direct us into a new era of Hip-Hop in which The Sugarhill Gang recorded the first record of the genre in 1979 titled Rappers Delight. on that point were many others who allegedly stated their claim as being the first, but couldnt contend with Sugarhill Gang because Rappers Delight made the billboard Top 100. Its like Rosa Parks. We all know she wasnt the first to not give up her seat, but why argue if it led to a positive result in the grand scheme of things. By the 80s, Hip-Hop had spread to every major city in the linked States, but Philadelphia was the only city that could come close to drawing comparison to New Yorks contributions to Hip-Hop after Philly artist Jocko Henderson released his record Rhythm chatSince I have told you the history of the Renaissance known as Hip-Hop, lets bring it to the present since every student in here, Im assuming, is a late 80s, 90s baby. Now lets talk about present day artists that epitomize the rhythmi c, eclectic and propelling styles. We talk about Jay-Z, Kanye West, Drake, Meek Mill, Big Sean, Eminem, Common, Mos Def, and so on. I prefer to talk about Black Thoughts team, The Roots. This Hip-Hop group has transcended the Hip-Hop genre since the came on to the scene in the City of Brotherly Love in 1987.Black Thought and ?uestlove both attended the Philadelphia High School for originative and Performing Arts where ?uestlove would be the drum kit at talent shows while Black Thought laced the percussions with lyrics that would make The Last Poets, Gil Scott-Heron, and especially DJ Kool Herc proud of the fact that the roots of Hip-Hop have not been forgotten. Ironic how they would become known as The Roots in the process of their formation. They barely baffled the Top 100 when they dropped their first major label album titled Do You Want More? in January 1995. What made this so significant is that they used no prerecorded instruments, kicks, or sounds. Every bit of their sound was original.This to me is why they epitomize what Hip-Hop because they are as original in the 21st degree centigrade as they were in the 90s when they made their debut. Another artist I will mention is 23 year old Compton emcee Kendrick Lamar who bonny released his debut album good kid, m.A.A.d city. I believe it is the album of the year, but thats a persuasive speech for another day. With this one album alone Kendrick shows veterans in the game how to perfectly arrange an album and turn it into a masterpiece that reaches every generation and demographic.In closing I will say that what started as a Renaissance has become commercialized. Do I feel that there is hope that we will one day as artists go back to our roots like The Roots and Kendrick Lamar? Yes, but it will be a strenuous process. The Renaissance is in good hands with artists like Kendrick Lamar make classics with one debut. Not to mention myself. I try to bring a new feel myself to the game as well. Hip-Hop, The Rena issance is taking a pure tone into the next generation. I will leave you Hip-Hop fans with this question Will you take that next step with me.

Assessments for Early Childhood Programs Essay

William J. Wilson once said, The person who scored well on an SAT will non needfully be the best doctor or the best lawyer or the best businessman. These tests do not measure character, leadership, creativity, or perseverance. Why do we test students? What is the nominate of opinions? Do these tests and legal opinions benefit the students? These ar questions educators have been asking for years. It is impossible for one to determine a childs academic abilities base solely on a test.Yet there still needs to be some form of judicial decisions performed in order to evaluate the academic train each student has reached. But how very much assessing is too much? How heavily do educators rely on the results of these assessments? The main issues, when it comes to assessing early childhood students, atomic number 18 the consequences of the assessment results and how they affect the child. According to The field of study Academies of Sciences, there are two key principles that suppor t the success of assessment. The first is that the purpose of an assessment should be a race for assessment decisions.The purpose for whatever assessment must be determined and clearly communicated to solely stake- holders before the assessment is designed or implemented. Most important, assessment designed for programs should not be used to assess individual children. Because contrary purposes require various kinds of assessments, the purpose should drive assessment design and implementation decisions (The National Academies of Sciences, 2008). The second principle is that any assessment performed should be completed in a coherent system of health, learningal, and family support operate that promote optimal culture for all children. sagacity should be an integral part of a coherent system of early childhood care and education that includes a range of services and resources (The National Academies of Sciences, 2008). These two principles explain the main purpose of why asses sing is important and how assessments should be conducted. After having an understanding of the purpose of assessments, why is it so important to set off evaluations at such a young get on with? What is the purpose of evaluating infants and toddlers?Author Sue Wortham explains evaluating toddlers and infants determine whether the child is developing normally or if they show any signs of delay and need assistance. All in all, the main purpose of assessment is to benefit the child (Wortham, p. 32). The NAEYC believes that during a childs early years, evaluating and assessing their development should be the primary focus. They want to study how young children grown and learn. All the results of assessment are used to inform the planning and implementation of experiences, to communicate with the childs family, and to evaluate and improve instructors and programs effectiveness (Wortham, p. 4).Teachers also use assessment results to in order to plan their curriculum accordingly. So exa ctly do assessments search for? Assessments look not only for what the child is already capable of doing independently but also what they can do with the help of a teacher or another student (Wortham, p. 35). So how are they assessed exactly? There are many different assessments given to children across the U. S. everyday. These may be administered viva voce or as written works, such as questionnaires, surveys, or tests. These may include standardized tests, observations, checklists, rating scales, rubrics, interviews, or portfolios.Each of these serve a different purpose in order to give different pieces of information needed to evaluate the child in question. Standardized tests, though many disagree with them, are meant to measure individual characteristics. Observations, on the other hand, are one of the about effective ways to measure students characteristics. When children are young, it can be hard at times to determine if there are any developmental delays (Wortham, p. 39). Developmental checklists, or scopes, are mainly used at all levels of education.These checklists are lists of the discipline objectives that have been established by the teacher in order to keep compensate of their learning and development. Items on a checklist are rated with a veto or positive response from the teacher. Rating scales, unlike checklists, provide measurement on a continuum and are used when a collection of criteria is needed to attain particularised information. Another form of assessment teachers commonly use is Rubrics. Rubrics were created to evaluate authentic and performance assessments (Wortham, p. 41). Rubrics, like rating scales, have a range of criteria that must be met.However, unlike rating scales, rubrics can be used to not only determine the quality of performance required, but are also used to deputize grades. Rubrics make it easy for students to understand what is expected and is makes it easier for teachers to grade assignments. The final types o f assessments that are most frequently used are performance and portfolio assessments. These evaluations might be administered finished interviews given directly by the teacher in order to understand the childs thinking and understanding (Wortham, p. 41). Teachers may present these evaluations through tell assignments, activities, or games.The performance results are typically kept in a student or teacher portfolio. These portfolios contain samples of students work and are used as a sort of progress report card. Keeping detailed reports of students work in the portfolios help teachers keep track of their students progress and help determine which areas of learning are lacking attention (Wortham, p. 41). Overall, according to Wortham, these tests, whether administered to an individual child or a aggroup of students, are meant to determine a students abilities, achievements, aptitudes, interests, attitudes, values, and personality characteristics (Wortham, p. 9).Now having an under standing of the different types of assessments used to evaluate students and the purpose, let us turn to the negative and positive effects of these evaluations. It is crucial for educators to administer tests and evaluations carefully, because it they are poorly articulated, it can lead to decisions that are unfair or unclear, and they may do harm to programs, teachers, and, most importantly, children (Snow, C. E. & Van Hemel, S. B. , p. 341-342). Evaluations and assessments are not meant to punish a child, and therefore, should never be overseen lightly.It is important that the information gathered outweighs any negative effects. Editors of Early Childhood Assessment Why, What, and How, Catherine E. Snow and Susan B. Van Hemel, explain that although the same measure may be used for more than one purpose, prior consideration of all potential purposes is essential, as is careful analysis of the actual content of the assessment instrument. Direct examination of the assessment items is important because the title of a measure does not always resile the content (Snow, C. E. & Van Hemel, S. B. , p. 346).So what are some negative effects? Negative consequences of assessment findings may include program de-funding, closing a center, electric arc a teacher, mislabeling a child, or a reduction in program resources (The National Academies of Sciences, 2008). These effects, such as mislabeling a student, can follow students for the rest of their education career. Once a child is entered into a program, it can be difficult at time for teachers to look past that label. Children all develop at different his or her own pace. No one child will develop and learn the same way as another child.They all grow up and develop at different st historic periods. Yet educational theorists have been able to observed and gather enough information to conclude that children, if divided in age groups, do tend to follow a certain development pattern. The problem is, it is hard to determine which children are the outliers in these results without carefully administering proper assessments. Assessments are not used to necessarily judge student or punish them. Their main purpose is to help students, teachers, and parents. So what are some positive effects of assessment and evaluations?Students that benefit from assessments and evaluations are those that are properly observed and tested. Teachers also benefit from the use of assessments because it helps them create an appropriate curriculum for their students. Evaluating children at a young age can have a positive effect if a delay or disability is in fact found, and because it was caught early, the student has a better prospect of exceeding their potential in school. Catching developmental delays or disabilities at a young age is the same as finding cancer at an early stage in the sense that the earlier the cancer is found the chances of survival are greater.Assessment results are used to plan for instruction, evaluate instructional programs, and report student progress. These are all positive results of assessments. Without the results of assessments and test, how can educators determine what to teach their students? Evaluations, if planned and administered properly, can be more beneficial than harmful. Unfortunately, not all teachers evaluate children fairly or appropriately. So it is important for parents to stay involved in their childrens education in the event that the results of an evaluation do not match the potential of their child.Parents should know the norms and abnormalities of their childs behavior. Therefore, it is always beneficial to the child for parents and teachers to communicate. This way if a child is acting up in class, and the teacher notifies the parent, the parent may confirm any fears right away by simply saying, that isnt like him or hes just spooky. Avoiding drastic measures and not jumping to conclusions is the proper way to evaluate a child fairly. What are the pred icted long-term benefits to Early Childhood Assessments?Are assessments and student evaluations perfect? Should teachers be required to assess and evaluate students as much as they already do? These are just a few of the questions that plagued educators for years. Too much assessing has placed so much pressure on students and teachers, inevitably taking away a childs desire to learn for the sake of learning. The purpose of assessments and evaluations is a great concept, but placing too much pressure and emphasis on the test results is tainting the original purpose of learning.

British Enlightenment

It is the realization of major reforms in life and its beliefs occurred during the age of enlightment which was a short full stop in our human history when thinkers gave realistic recognition of the sad human state and condition and giving optimism to a new set of ideas. (Roy P. 35) These set of ideas top dog tradition the very basis of pre conceived thoughts of the past. The set of ideas also had an attitude within themselves, which did a way with beliefs and justified modernism (Roy P.50)The British insight The British nirvana was a movement which started about the year 1680 and it is believed to have ended in the year 1820. This was a time and age which many philosophers and thinkers thought of slipway to supervise with challenges faced alike(p) ignorance and superstition. (Gregory C. 114) It was characterized by much scientific and intellectual accomplishment. It was the age of great thinkers.The British enlightenment was a movement which in many ways named itself since the thinkers and writers thought they were more enlightened than the general population at that time, since most of them were poor and lived in rural settings and thus the thinkers set out to enlighten them. (Roy P. 43) alone the British enlightenment did not start from within, it was influenced by the greater Europe which had been undergoing Enlightenment the greatest influence on Britain was the Scots and the French enlightenment which had started a little earlier than the British enlightenment.(Burke, P. 55) But also the British overthrowing their king earlier in the 17th century creating an opening for democracy and Protestantism started the French and the Scottish enlightenment. The British enlightenment was commonly referred to, as empiricism in Britain since the main characteristics of enlightenment namely search for knowledge and defiance of tradition were not so visible due to their social conditions. Nonetheless the things mainly targeted for change were hereditary aristocr acy and religion especially Catholicism. (Gregory C.116) This period of enlightenment in Britain was characterized by hop on in intellectual life, which brought improvement in Britains key sector of agriculture. More ways of maximizing output were realize thus reduced dearth commonly experienced after every eight to nine years. The economy also advanced due to this and more population moved to urban areas in such of prosperity especially London which had close to a million people at the time. (Gregory C. 112) There were also a growing number of people who believed in science and disciplined reason.There was also a chance for common people to explore fanatism and passions, which were earlier, deprived by traditions and beliefs. Enlightenment had its benefits but had its fair assign of downfalls. Due to increasing urban population, citizens drank and gambled causing a decay of morals and family values, streets were filled with prostitutes and people had lack of respect to values once strongly upheld. (Gregory C. 112) Thinkers like John Locke and David Hume led this revolution.They believed that humanity was deeply inclined to emotion than reason thus sparking a wave of people who believed less in magic or supernatural things but more on the power of human reasoning. Enlightenment though welcomed openly in Europe especially in England, Scotland and France had its enemies most productive being Karl Marx the founder of maxim or better known as socialism. It also led to uprisings like the French Revolution but all these did not deter the British from being enlightened thus forming the basis of capitalism and a new era.(Gregory C. 113) Conclusion The enlightenment is mostly viewed as an anomaly in our history when people believed perfect societies would be built in a matter of reasoning, sense and tolerating each other. But these infatuations can never be realized since religion is a key mover in modern society and still has a strong following of disciples who believe in supernatural beings and ordinary beliefs. Superstition is still a major setback in the enlightening of people.But enlightenment is still alive with us with the human rights activism and belief in pursue your passion and fanatism without fear of authority but belief in human equality and prosperity Thus nobody is left out when fighting for in that location rights even in minorities like the poor or disabled. Though the brief enlightening era is long gone there are still a few enlightenment pioneers in the modern age who believe in human knowledge and prosperity without fear of authority but belief in human equality and prosperity, to this day the British still concerned with the affairs of politics and morality with intensity.(Burke, P. 66) Works Cited Burke, Peter. Popular Culture in Early new-fashioned Europe. New York Harper and Row, 1978. 23-67 Gregory Claeys Utopias of the British Enlightenment, Cambridge Texts in the History of Political Thought Cambridge Univers ity Press, 1994 112-118 Roy Porter The Creation of the Modern World The Untold Story of the British Enlightenment New York Norton, 2000. 34-56

Cultural Differences Paper “Driving Miss Daisy” Essay

There are m each(prenominal) ways that the mental picture Driving Miss Daisy portrays cultural issues. There are a number of scenes in the train in which different cultural issues are described and in which racial issues are prominent. It is important to note that the characterisation is set in 1948 in Atlanta, Georgia. correspond to Edward sign of the zodiac there is a reality that everyone lives in that is a particular reality as there are a number of reasons for which this occurs but primarily it is because we are looking through our own reality as though it were a screen. There are a number of cultural issues that are dealt with in the film, Driving Miss Daisy and through this film and looking at Edward entrance halls beliefs on the issue there a number of representatives that sack be noted.According to Geert Hofstedes there are five dimensions of cultural patterns. These dimensions are most commonly used in international business but can be adapted to everyday life situat ions as well. These five patterns take the following (1) low vs. high power distance (the way that those who are in power interact, meaning between those who are on the low end of the spectrum and obtain little power to those who are on the high end of the spectrum and have a lot of power), (2) individualism vs.collectivism (this is the extent to which one is sufficient to stand up for himself or expects others around him or those who are part of his sort out to stand up for him), (3) masculinity vs femininity (this is the association with traits that are generally thought to be gender biased), (4) uncertainty avoidance (when someone tries their hardest to avoid any uncertainty and takes special precautions in order to do so), and (5) long vs short term orientation (this is the standard by which something is measured as in whether or not it is in the long term or in the short term).Each of these areas can be explored through the movie, Driving Miss Daisy. Cultural individuatio n Each person has the ability to have an identity. The different social pigeonholings, structures and classes that each person fits in with and feels a radio link to is an example of their cultural identity. This identity makes each person whom they are and continues to give each person a reason to look for a particular group or a particular socialization with which to identify. In the beginning of the movie as Daisy is refusing a frontr this is again because of a screen that she is seeing herself through.She believes that if she has a driver that she should be embarrassed. This is because she thinks that there is both going to be a problem where others think of her as very wealthy or they will know her embarrassment of being too sure-enough(a) to drive. In this aspect of the film, Daisy is fighting hard against being associated as being part of the ripening crowd or so it could be examined through Halls theory. This is also an example of Hofstedes ideas on uncertainty avoid ance. This is because Daisy is so uncertain of what will happen when she loses her power to drive.This would mean that she would not be subject to come and go as she pleases and that she would not be able to just jump in her car and drive and see friends or to go to the investment company to grab that last forgotten item. In a way this is so much more important in this situation than it is with other issues as the aging process is one that is hard enough without all of the added dilemmas and problems. So the idea that Daisy is having such a hard meter with the aging process should not be a surprise to those who are around them.another(prenominal) area of subtlety that is seen in this movie is the culture of the aging. Through Halls theory Daisy thinks that she is alright to drive at the beginning of the movie but her son is sure that she needs a driver and that she is not going to be able to drive on her own as there were too many problems with her driving in the past and she w as unable to keep her drivers license. Towards the end of the movie her driver has aged and is no longer able to drive either which makes for an interesting plot as he attempts to take taxi cabs to visit her spell she is in the nursing home.While she is in the nursing home it is noted in the movie through character dialogue that Daisy has good days and stinky days and when she is having bad days it is hard to connect with her. This could be a way of being able to look at the orientation of the individual as looked at by Hofstede. As Daisy is having problems with losing her identity and losing her ability to communicate as well as she used to she is having a harder time with her orientation and being able to be oriented to the present rather than issues from the past. Cultural Bias A cultural bias is where one culture is favored over another.Therefore the culture that is favored has an utility in all areas where concerned. This is because there are a number of different areas in w hich the culture with the advantage is able to take advantage of the situations and make things easier for their cultural or their beliefs and harder on those whom they disagree or can not connect with. In one scene Daisy truly begins to see the racial discrimination that has been around her. She is being taken by Hoke to her brothers party in Mobile, Alabama. While she is on the trip with Hoke she begins to realize how differently people thought him and how he is treated just because he is African American.This is something that she has previously been blind to as she was a very open and accepting individual. Again this is an example of how Halls theory has affected Daisy as she has been looking at things from a different perspective than before. This overt racism is a part of the ideas that have been passed subdue from generation to generation. This is an example of what Hofstede referred to as low vs high power as the racial issues are typically interacted between those who a re in low or high power at the time. In this way the lower power race is the African Americans while the higher powered race is the white Americans.Another area of the movie that explores racial issues looks at the many problems that Daisy has faced herself being a Jew. She also realizes at one point, after her synagogue is bombed that she is treated differently too. Through the familys and beliefs in the movie many different issues involving racism are explored. This movie is able to look at cultural issues and serious issues with racial manginess from a different perspective than other films have done as it was from two different view points, both who were being prejudiced against but in different ways.Again this has been looked at a few different times in the movies and it is again a power struggle between those who have slight power and those who have more power. Cultural Patterns There are many different cultural patterns that can be seen in the movie, Driving Miss Daisy. T hese patterns include that there are a number of different areas in which there are ways that the cultural identity of a person is considered to be either a negative or a positive trait. The problem is that there is off a miscommunication and a lack of connection between the two.There were a lot of scenes in the movie where there were times when the characters were involved in areas that were necessary for interactions. Verbal and Non-verbal Intercultural Communication Throughout the movie, Driving Miss Daisy there is a number of different areas of communication. There are times when the communication is done through spoken dialogue while other times the communication is in a look or gesture that is done between two different characters. Each of these type of communication play an important role in the overall communication process and in how a character is able to communicate with another in one way or another.One example of Halls theory is the interaction between Miss Daisy and he r driver, Hoke Colburn. She believes that she is better than him and that she should be able to have him do what she wishes. This is because the story takes place at a time when African Americans were only known to be servants or slaves to white Americans. Through her screen or her perspectives as they were taught to her, Daisy has been taught in her culture and during this time stopover that she is above these other citizens and that they are not equal to her.This is a common misconception among many individuals when cultural issues are concerned as there is often a time period where the individual has feelings or thoughts on a subject purely based on what they have learned. After some time still Daisys mind is changed about Hoke and she believes him to be a true friend to her, she even tells him that he is her best friend. There was another scene in the movie where an Alabama state trooper sees the two of them driving off together and he states An old nigger and an old Jew woman takin off sight the road togetherthat is one sorry sight This just goes to show the overall perceptions of reality in particular areas (the area in the South where Daisy is from) and the time period that they are living in. Through communication it can also be obvious which parts of the communication are through a group effort or group opinion and which ones are that of an individual. This is shown in many areas where racism is occurring in the movie. For example when the synagogue was attacked it was a sign that there was a group of individuals who did not like the idea of being a Jew.Hofstedes theory would look at these issues and why there were times when this racism was usual on an individual basis and there were times when it was based on a group basis or a group effort. Conclusion In conclusion the movie, Driving Miss Daisy touched on a lot of cultural issues having to do with age and race. This movie is about a growing relationship between an elderly woman and her driver a nd their amazing bond that they have which helps them to each see and understand a number of things about themselves, their culture, their heritage, and the overall connection between a social group.